Social Sciences in China (Chinese Edition)

No. 1, 2026

The Theoretical Core and Practical Dimensions of the “Two Unswerving Commitments”

Editor’s Note: Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has articulated a series of new ideas, viewpoints, and judgments centered on the policy principle known as the “Two Unswerving Commitments,” or the principle of “unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector and unswervingly encouraging, supporting and guiding the development of the non-public sector”which has become an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Economy. These ideas provide scientific guidance for properly handling the relationship between the public and non-public sectors of the economy and for promoting the common development of diverse forms of ownership. Pang Jinju, Professor at the Center for Studies of Political Economy at Nankai University, argues that the proposal and implementation of the “Two Unswerving Commitments” have consolidated the institutional foundations of the theory of the socialist market economy, made important explorations in improving the socialist market economy system, and contributed original understandings to the innovative development of Marxist theories of ownership. Zhao Zhenhua, Professor in the Department of Economics at the Party School of the CPC Central Committee (National Academy of Governance), notes that adhering to the “Two Unswerving Commitments” is an inevitable choice consistent with the laws governing the development of productive forces. Only by effectively ensuring and promoting complementarity, mutual reinforcement, equal competition, and common economic development among different forms of ownership can China better unleash endogenous dynamism and innovative vitality across society, thereby providing strong support for the comprehensive building of a modern socialist country.