Social Sciences in China (Chinese Edition)

No. 1, 2026

Theoretical Formation and Institutional Innovation of One Country, Two Systems

(Abstract)

Han Dayuan

One Country, Two Systems represents an innovative and emblematic concept within China’s independent knowledge system. It emerged from the integration of Marxist theories of the state with China’s specific realities, as well as with the political wisdom of “harmony in diversity” rooted in traditional Chinese culture. This theory has guided the construction and development of its institutional framework and has been further refined and deepened alongside institutional evolution. Embodying core values of peace, inclusiveness, openness, and shared development, the theory of One Country, Two Systems offers a new form of political civilization for the peaceful resolution to problems carried over from history, enriches the connotations of state structural forms, and provides the international community with public goods that reflect the Chinese stance, Chinese wisdom, and Chinese values in advancing regional governance modernization and the diversification of legal jurisdictions.